Crypto casinos, simplified

While Bitcoin casinos do employ SSL encryption and other methods to protect your data, it is general best practice to limit how and where you share sensitive information in case the worst happens. In the realm of sports betting, MyStake offers an extensive selection of sports, covering traditional, esports, and virtual sports, catering to a wide range of preferences. Io caters to a global audience with website languages including English, German, Spanish, French, Turkish, Russian, Portuguese, and Japanese. The site lets you gamble without ID verification and, instead, only requires you to enter your email address and unique password. English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, German, Russian, Japanese, Mandarin, Italian, Czech. 1xBit offers an unparalleled cryptocurrency betting experience, boasting a wide array of enticing bonuses and rewards. A visual representation of the multiplier rising in value helps players determine if it has reached the desired amount. With such a diverse range of options, coupled with the casino’s enticing bonus offers, players are guaranteed a thrilling and rewarding gaming experience. Moreover, the platform’s VIP program caters to high rolling players, offering exclusive perks and bonuses tailored to their gaming preferences. It supports multiple casino games and undergoes rigorous technical testing to ensure an optimal experience for your customers. With providers such as Evolution and Ezugi, players can enjoy an authentic casino experience from the comfort of their homes. For example, becoming a VIP player entitles you to additional benefits, including cashback and free spins. Now that this is out of the way, the best mobile Bitcoin casinos are on the fast track to becoming an even more desirable destination. They are working on solutions to improve the speed of deposits, however that’s one of the major problems with new crypto casinos after the initial launch period. Known for its remarkable growth, Shuffle. Our recommendations for roulette casinos are BC. However, this limited time offer Betco bonuses lets users purchase tokens at a much lower price before it officially launches. Our top ranked crypto casino for 2024 is TG. Stake is a popular online casino that specializes in cryptocurrency payments. Additionally, the casino is happy to issue withdrawals from Visa, Mastercard, Bitcoin and bank transfer transactions as low as $150 up to $2,500 – all with no fees. We haven’t included any crypto casinos in no deposit bonuses on the list – simply because none of the trusted casinos we reviewed are offering them right now. If you’re lucky, the ball might land on a juicy multiplier. That you can select from. Dogecoin was initially introduced as a parody of Bitcoin but has since gained its own fan base. The no wagering bonus is a highly sought after promotion in the Bitcoin casino world. The platform prides itself on offering a 99% RTP original game, ensuring players have a high chance of winning.

Best Crypto Casino Bonus with No Wagering

The platform delivers generous promotions, engaging gameplay, and enticing VIP programs, cementing its status as a leader in the industry. While MyStake presents an impressive array of offerings, it is not devoid of shortcomings. These games use blockchain technology, which allows you to verify the fairness of every round you play. With 24/7 multilingual support and a commitment to responsible gaming, JackBit strives to provide a safe and enjoyable environment for all players. Engaging in these games contributes towards meeting the wagering requirement, thereby inching you closer to making the bonus money withdrawable. Also, you can take advantage of great bonuses and promotions that are always accessible to players on Vave to boost your gameplay. On decentralized casinos it’s purely crypto so if you want the true Web3 experience they’re the best casinos to go for. From timeless classics like roulette and blackjack to immersive slot machines and engaging poker rooms, these crypto casinos offer endless entertainment. It has instant deposits, provably fair games, and payments using the BTC Lightning Network. With over 3200 games on offer, FortuneJack caters to a wide spectrum of gaming preferences, ranging from classic slots to live casino games and sports betting. In fact, we’ve built a page discussing exactly that – with toplists for lots of the top alts as well as stablecoins like Tether and USD Coin. Its esports section covers niche titles to bet on, such as Mobile Legends, Wild Rift, and Age of Empires. The platform’s provably fair system and detailed terms and conditions underscore its commitment to a safe and transparent gambling experience.

MARKET TOOLS

Dogecoin has transitioned from a novelty meme currency into a widely adopted cryptocurrency with serious applications in online gambling. Com Games has shown that it operates with users in mind. BTC, USDT, ETH, LTC, BCH, XRP, DASH, DOGE, USDC, BUSD, BNB, TRX, XMR. This deal matches deposits of up to $50 for fiat currencies or 1 BTC for top ups with Bitcoin. MetaSpins:100% crypto focused casino with slots and live tables. Wall Street Memes Casino also lists slot games from top providers, such as NetEnt, Novomatic, and Hacksaw Gaming. Operating under the prestigious license of Curacao, Mega Dice is a global sensation accessible in numerous countries, either directly or through the convenience of a VPN. The most abundant category, however, is Bitcoin slots. Offer is valid for 24 hours after activation. Typically, a no deposit bonus offered by a BTC casino is only valid for specific games. These games also have big jackpots where you can win a large amount of BTC, of up to 25 BTC and more, by relatively small bets. The runner ups are DonBet and BC Game; these online casinos will also give you a fantastic experience as you play with Bitcoin. Read TG Casino’s review for a more comprehensive overview. Lucky Block welcome bonus. As a first time player, you receive a certain amount of deposit in the form of welcome bonuses so that you start playing with it. Curaçao Gaming License. Known for its remarkable growth, Shuffle. You will need to have an active crypto wallet like Trust Wallet or Metamask, through which you can deposit and withdraw cryptocurrencies. With the trusted SoftSwiss platform and a Curacao license, players can engage in a thrilling yet safe environment. It is the first licensed crypto casino to be accessible via the Telegram app. I’ve seen it happen way too many times. With an array of supported currencies and languages, MyStake endeavors to cater to a diverse global audience, ensuring accessibility and inclusivity. This casino bonus guide has been curated to serve as your key to unlocking the world of Bitcoin gaming. Still want to know more. In part, it will help your crypto casino’s success. This bonus is usually offered as free spins or a small amount of Bitcoin, allowing you to test the platform and its games.

About

Additional promotions include monthly wager races, tournaments, VIP cashback, and free spins for high rollers. User feedback and thorough analysis reveal that CSGOLuck stands out as a trusted and professional gambling site. 175% up to 5 BTC bonus + 300 free spins. Punters can engage in various bet types, and the sportsbook adheres to industry standards while promising continued evolution. Dealing with unregulated and dishonest gambling sites poses a significant risk. It’s also helpful if the app has special features that aren’t available on a mobile optimized site. This video dives into the journey from the birth of online casinos in the mid 90s to the revolutionary impact of Bitcoin and Ethereum. People who have never had the chance to use a crypto casino app often assume that it’s a challenging process. Be the first to get the latest important crypto news and events to your inbox. BTC, BCH, ETH, ADA, LTC, DOGE, USDT, XRP. If you have any questions with this offer, please don’t hesitate to contact the casino either by live chat or email;. And let’s be honest, no one likes getting burned, especially when it’s your hard earned cash on the line. It seems obvious, but with all the extras casinos offer nowadays, it’s easy to forget that you go there for the games. Io accepts 10 different cryptocurrencies, with withdrawals typically processed within 5 minutes. Casino includes Dead or a Wild, Sugar Rush 100, Gates of Olympus, Sweet Bonanza, and many more. Many Bitcoin casino websites offering free spins prioritize user privacy. For example, you can deposit ten different types of crypto, but the payouts are only 8. Fortunately, using a VPN is straightforward and can be worthwhile given the casino’s extensive library, substantial bonuses, and entertaining games. Another way to find safe no KYC casinos is to see which software providers they use. MetaWin Casino stands out as a top choice for those seeking privacy and anonymity in their gambling experience. Cloudbet Casino has impressed us and rightfully earned third place. BC Game is also one of the best Bitcoin baccarat sites, offering RTPs of up to 98%. Learn everything about wagering requirements. Its platform for sports betting is flexible. Casino you will find online slots, table games, live games, live bitcoin casino games, and Telegram casino games. The casino and sports betting rooms at Bets. The casino supports all major cryptocurrencies, including BTC, ETH, LTC, XRP, TRON, etc. I have plenty of bonuses for you, too.

Step 2: Create an Account

This might be the case for example if an online BTC casino is launching a new slot game and wants to generate some interest in it. Once they’ve been registered on the blockchain, they can’t be edited or reversed. In addition to the welcome bonus, Fortune Panda Casino stands out with its 20% bonus on all Bitcoin and crypto deposits. Slots are by far the most popular casino game. BitStarz Casino is well known for its substantial welcome package offering a massive Bitcoin deposit match and free spins. Since its founding in 2020, Flush Casino has distinguished itself from its rivals in the constantly developing online gaming industry. First, however, you need to know the difference. Moreover, even if an Ethereum casino does offer a no deposit promotion, the size of the bonus is likely to be very small. Curaçao Gaming License. Bitcoin casinos licensed in Curacao are generally deemed safe and secure against cyber threats. Weekly tournaments, casino challenges, and the unique Jungle and VIP Wheels add layers of excitement and competition, with substantial prize pools and rewards up for grabs. Bitstarz is another legit operator licensed by the government of Curacao. Vave Casino is an excellent casino for provably fair games. Their customer support is also top notch, and they’re always adding new payment methods to make your experience even better. In addition, we will review our rankings regularly to ensure we recommend the best brands.

Secure Encryption for Your Transactions

USE CODE: WELCOME/GAMBLE20. Bonuses: A very generous welcome bonus awaits new players, alongside numerous promotions for loyal customers. Get a 100% bonus on your first deposit, up to 1,500 USDT. Interact with real dealers and players in games from all the top providers such as Evolution and Ezugi found within the collection under this category. Selecting a secure and reliable Bitcoin casino offering free spins can be challenging due to the wide array of options available. Providers like Cloudbet and 1xBit, for example, offer a welcome bonus of up to 5 BTC and 7 BTC, respectively. This section details each popular coin and explains why they are preferred for crypto gambling. The extensive game library includes offerings from renowned providers such as NetEnt, Microgaming, and Evolution Gaming, ensuring high quality entertainment. Abinitio Consulting expands to Portugal with the acquisition of SERVESCO. Discover top Bitcoin casinos and trusted betting sites for secure gambling.

Business

This section is deliberately kept short, as the advantages and disadvantages are obvious. Io as a forward thinking and user friendly platform. I mean, they had their act together with a legit gambling license from Curacao and a pretty clean rap sheet when it came. All the key features the site has – games, bonus perks, and promotions – are encapsulated inside a simplified UI with good looks. The platform caters to US players who want to have access to a broad range of Bitcoin casino games, including progressive jackpots. When choosing a crypto casino, look for those that emphasize provably fair gaming to enhance your trust and confidence in the platform. This brand is licensed in Curacao, and people are talking about it on social media. This has really enhanced its reputation as a secure Bitcoin site. We look for casinos that offer plenty of variations on this classic game, such as European blackjack, multihand blackjack, 21 Burn, and more. 780% Welcome Bonus + 150 No Deposit Free Spins. Depositing and playing at our Bitcoin casino is really easy and straightforward. The minimum deposit will be only $10, while the minimum drawback is $20. Grab your Ricky no deposit bonus exclusively through our link below. Furthermore, Gamdom has solidified its reputation in the gaming industry through notable partnerships with influential figures like Usain Bolt and sponsorship of professional esports teams, underscoring its commitment to excellence and innovation. You receive a 100% deposit bonus with NO LIMIT, plus 100 free spins. English, Spanish, German, Russian, French, Portuguese, Italian, Hebrew, Indonesian, Hindi, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Vietnamese, Polish, Finnish, Tagalog, Turkish, Ukrainian. Crypto casinos are known for providing multiple benefits to players such as enhanced security and privacy, faster and efficient payment transactions, global reach, unique games and features, lower costs, and provably fair gaming. Niche additions like bingo, keno, and craps provide options for every player. Io – 7000 games + 1 BTC bonus and 100 free spins. This method is great if you want to withdraw the winnings and get the cash in physical form. 100% up to 5,000 USDT + 100 Free Spins. 45x wagering requirement. Be the First to Access Exclusive Bonus Updates Don’t Miss Out. 98 Sweepstake Cash, and three treasure chests — which can be opened for further prizes when you satisfied certain requirements. From casino games to sports betting, Playbet. Recognizing the significance of percentages, maximum limits, and accompanying free spins is vital for choosing the right one. Crypto Lists recommend that you avoid playing at Thunderpick. Nonetheless, users can still benefit from the bonus by trying over 2,700 casino games without risk. The site has garnered attention for its transparency, reliability, and fairness, which are crucial factors for players seeking new crypto gambling sites​.

Pros

Store your Bitcoin securely, through active crypto wallet like Trust Wallet or Metamask. Also, players can claim welcome and reload offers, collect rakeback promotions, and participate in the casino’s level up loyalty program. Additionally, you can use the link in our review and receive an immediate $25 no deposit bonus just for registering. The site even helps clients to get more coins. This means that the One IP One Account conditions are strictly enforced here. We checked the licenses to ensure they were valid and up to date, thoroughly examining the casino’s background to identify any potential issues or reports of unethical behavior. Bitcoin casino free spins operate through a straightforward process. CoinGape prepared a review methodology to rate crypto exchanges, tools, and apps. Your email address will not be published. Finally, you should look at the games it has to offer, and see if they are suitable to your tastes. Just place a withdrawal and your crypto will be with you as soon as the blockchain process it. The casino features a robust VIP club, offering higher withdrawal limits and other exclusive benefits to its members. Withdrawals arrive quickly via Bitcoin and other leading cryptos, though bank transfers remain unavailable due to compliance requirements. Io offers a wide range of betting options with advanced live streaming technology, making every game feel immersive and engaging. The bookie platform accepts wagers made in any of 28 currencies and claims to cover more than 70,000 sporting events monthly. For those interested in bonuses and promotions, JackBit’s Rakeback VIP Club offers an exciting gaming experience where loyalty pays off. Lucky Block Welcome Bonus. By clicking any link on this page, you are giving consent to our use of cookies. Here are some of the most popular types of bonuses you can find at Bitcoin casinos. It’s worth mentioning that this Bitcoin mobile casino has a native token, TGC. Finally, deposit your Bitcoin into Bitcoin casino account from your crypto wallet. If you don’t already own any digital currency, you’ll need to sign up with a reputable exchange like Kraken or Binance. This gratuity gives you the right to spin the reels for free and still win real money.

Pros

We checked the licenses to ensure they were valid and up to date, thoroughly examining the casino’s background to identify any potential issues or reports of unethical behavior. Government of Curacao. Wagering is x35 the bonus amount. So make sure to bookmark our site and visit regularly to stay in the loop. Plus sweepstakes casinos don’t actually have the facility to accept your deposits. What are players saying about it in forums. This casino bonus guide has been curated to serve as your key to unlocking the world of Bitcoin gaming. The platform’s commitment to an inclusive and open community further adds to its appeal, fostering a welcoming environment for all users. Lucky Block doesn’t have a dedicated application, but it’s another top rated mobile crypto platform that supports Telegram gaming. Io’s VIP program, which offers ongoing reload bonuses up to 35% and up to unlimited 7. If you find yourself in trouble, don’t hesitate to seek assistance from the following organizations. Here are the best bonuses offered by bitcoin casinos that will maximize your rewards. These bonuses underscore JackBit’s commitment to providing value and excitement for players across different gaming preferences. Additionally, cryptocurrency news websites and blockchain forums frequently announce the launch of new crypto casinos. The casino’s game selection is vast, featuring over 7000 titles, including slots, table games, live casino games, and more, from renowned providers like Evolution Gaming, Pragmatic Play, and Netent. That’s all you need to do, and then you can select a game. Come and see why they call Lucky Block the best Bitcoin casino in Web3 by joining the fun today. Those who bet using the $TGC Token receive 25% Cashback. BTC, ETH, LTC, BNB, XRP, ADA, DOGE, BCH, USDT, TRX, USDC.

License

English, Spanish, Deutsch, Italian, French, Indonesian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese. No deposit welcome bonuses are fairly rare, though not impossible to come by at online casinos. Recently, Bitcoin has earned immeasurable recognition and is one of the most pioneering cryptocurrencies. In this article, we will go through the following reviews of the 10 top Bitcoin casinos with no deposit bonuses, steps to claim a no deposit bonus, pros and cons of this bonus, and types of no deposit bonuses. Game are welcomed with up to a $20,000 welcome offer distributed over your first four deposits, you’ll get a 180% deposit match on your very first deposit and work your way up to a 360% match on the fourth one. The higher the list of provably fair dogecoin games, the better a platform offers free spins, welcome bonuses, and more. These can include wagering requirements, game restrictions, and withdrawal limitations, making them conditional rather than entirely free. However, some countries permit gambling on the Internet, but some of them have quite strict laws about gambling and even about using cryptocurrencies. I register, make a deposit and play on each site with my own money to make sure I can relate the real experience to you. Examples of good practice include. You may notice that fiat payments are only possible via established brands like Visa, Mastercard, Maestro, Skrill, and Neteller. With 76 game providers, over 6000 slot machines, and a live casino area with 596 games, Bets. Unlike most cryptocurrencies, Ripple works with financial institutions to provide efficient cross border payment solutions, leveraging its unique consensus ledger. Clear game categories and intuitive filtering tools make it easy to find your favorite games or explore new ones. However, we’d like to point out that the payout ratio is abysmal for all crash games without exception. The same applies to all other BTC gambling operators we talked about here. Our experts make sure you can play all types of games on various sized screens and with different internet speed. These are online casinos that do not require their players to go through a KYC know your customer process. Yes, Bitcoin casinos are legal in many countries, including the USA. Players are allowed to double down on either of their cards from the initial deal and can split up to 4 hands. Most casinos will cap how much you can bet per spin or hand while using your bonus funds. At the time of writing, for example, a Pragmatic Play contest and a Fairspin million dollar race can be found on the website.

Welcome bonus

IGB Live 2023: Game Changing Results. Even if you had the best Bitcoin casino free bonus, what good would it be if there weren’t games you like to play with it. Some of you might be looking for a specific game or game provider, while others might prioritize live dealer games or provably fair games. Flush Casino caters to diverse gaming preferences, offering slots, roulette, blackjack, poker, live dealer games, and more. Now, more than ever, it’s important to have everything in one place. This commitment to rewarding players for their loyalty further solidifies FortuneJack’s position as a top choice for those seeking excitement and entertainment in the world of online crypto gambling. Many also offer sports betting and eSports betting. Your second deposit will get doubled up to €750, and your third will see the same action up to €1,250. And, YES, EV Accumulator can do everything with extremely high accuracy based on million’s simulations, which is the highest sophistication in the industry. 500% Bonus Up To $8,000 + Up To 5 BTC Daily. BTC, BCH, DOGE, ETH, LTC, USDT, XRP, TRX, ADA, BNB, DAI. The absence of a mobile app might deter some players, but the website is optimized for mobile use, allowing players to enjoy their favorite games on the go. 200% up to $25,000 + 50 Free Spins. Our second favorite Ethereum casino is, without doubt, BC. Keep in mind that some of these sites accept over 100 digital tokens. VIP Club + 20% cashback. Curaçao Gaming License. While not the only option, Bitcoin. As a new user, you can enjoy a generous welcome bonus of up to 7 BTC across your first four deposits. On the other hand, to promote their partnership with a particular payment method—let’s say PayPal and a UK online casino—they can offer incentives for withdrawals made via PayPal. Io caters to all gambling enthusiasts, providing a comprehensive and secure platform for all your betting needs. Bonus abuse, such as creating multiple accounts to claim the same bonus multiple times, is strictly prohibited. This, combined with an efficient and relatively low cost application and setup process makes it an enticing jurisdiction for many iGaming companies. Responsible gambling helps you maintain control over your online gambling habits and minimize potential risks. BC Game is a well known name in the gaming industry, having been established since 2017. Bitcoin no deposit bonus codes are time sensitive and designed to be exclusive to the casino brand. Io solidifies its position as a top choice for those seeking a comprehensive and dynamic online gaming platform that seamlessly combines crypto casino and sports betting experiences. If you choose to participate in gambling, we encourage you to do so responsibly with the understanding that success is not guaranteed and that you risk the loss of some or all of monies used when gambling of any kind.

Supported languages

And that’s just the beginning. The solution can be used to build any new cryptocurrency casino or sportsbook or integrate seamlessly with existing sites. 1st 100% Deposit Bonus up to $500 or 1 BTC + 200 Free Spins + 200 Satoshi + 300 Lottery Tickets. A few subcategories, such as game shows, could be added to this list because they have become more popular than the classics. Popular options include Bitcoin and Ethereum, but some apps might accept others, like Litecoin or Dogecoin. The legality of Bitcoin gambling varies by location. ” Naturally, the goal is to cash out before the crash to maximize winnings. A valid email is also needed to complete the registration. Curaçao Gaming License. ❌ Casinoin: Casinoin has been the subject of complaints regarding delayed or denied withdrawals, unresponsive customer support, and technical issues affecting gameplay. Additionally, the platform includes a variety of provably fair game options, specialty games and progressive jackpots, ensuring that every type of gamer can find something to enjoy. We value our VIP club members so much so that we extend bonuses that do not require them to even make a deposit or carry a wagering requirement. So, it’s important to know how crash bonuses work. Ready for all the amazing Bitcoin statistics. Crypto users are also catered to with a 170% crypto welcome bonus and 100 free spins. Io offers several sportsbook focused promotions with free bets as well. These daily free spins bonuses are always readily available to players and are not exclusive to our site. The welcome bonus is available for all of these tokens. Bonus spins may be offered alone or as part of a package with a match bonus, often enhancing the value of sign up bonuses. English, German, French, Italian. You can seamlessly play at the casino with your smartphone and access over 2,500 games and more than 30 sports betting categories.

Sign Up Bonus

Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, Litecoin, Ripple, Chainlink, Dogecoin, Stellar, Tether, and USDcoin make up your funding options, which is actually the biggest selection on this list. Unlike traditional platforms, Cryptorino prioritizes user privacy, requiring only an email address and username for account creation. Enjoy an amazing library of games on a Bitcoin Casino brought to you by the most trustworthy brand in the industry. This extensive currency support, combined with special crypto features like in balance slots and live conversion for games, positions Winz. Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency transactions occur on the blockchain, which means that when a player deposits funds into a casino, or withdraws them, the transaction is visible to all and its completion can be verified. $20,000 Daily Crypto Jackpot. This lucrative offer provides a significant bankroll boost, allowing players to explore the casino’s offerings and maximize their potential winnings from the very start. This makes it a reasonable choice for everyone who wants to invest in crypto or use it for gambling online. Online casinos often tailor their game offerings based on players’ geographic location due to various legal and regulatory constraints. It may be due to several reasons; The Bitcoin casino is new and there is no official owner behind the site. Climbing the VIP levels unlocks even more privileges, ensuring a rewarding journey for loyal players. Without further ado, let’s dive into these top Bitcoin bonus codes that await you at the best casino sites. Telegram casinos bypass this problem altogether, as they can be accessed from anywhere the Telegram app is available. The range of accepted cryptocurrencies is a key factor in our evaluation. This insurance can be purchased for both single and accumulator bets, ensuring you can play confidently. Secured by Curaçao eGaming, CryptoLeo prioritizes player safety, guaranteeing protection for personal information and validating game fairness through provably fair and RNG testing. To get the most out of crypto casino bonuses, it helps to have a few tricks up your sleeve. Registration is the first step to accessing the full range of casino features. The casino’s cashback program offers up to 40% cashback on losses, with different rates for daily and weekly cashbacks, both with and without wagering requirements. Casino has everything we look for in a crypto casino, putting it at the top of our best Bitcoin casino shortlist.

Top 10 Stake Casino Sports Betting Strategies to Maximize Your Winnings

Rewards include free spins and cash prizes, with wagering requirements varying by level. Among the supported cryptocurrencies are Binance, TRON, and Dogecoin. A downside is that the website often lists bonus offers in dollars. This can increase your chances of winning big. Account holders can explore the casino, indulging in “Bitcoin baccarat,” “Bitcoin blackjack,” slots, and provably fair arcade games. Up to 5 BTC Welcome Bonus + 200 Free Spins. Users who are concerned about their transaction history being publicly accessible may use multiple Bitcoin addresses or privacy focused cryptocurrencies for increased anonymity. The casino is dedicated to providing a safe and secure environment for all players, with ongoing promotions such as a 100% cash bonus up to $1,000 on the first deposit and daily 50% reload bonuses. Some games are flat out off limits when you’re playing with bonus funds, most often live casino games. In that case, you might want to consider them if you want to get started instantly. Based on our findings, we decided whether or not to recommend the casino, with a focus on ensuring the safety and security of players. These points can be converted into funds for future bets, enhancing your overall betting experience. The overall user experience at Bitcoin casino sites includes the ease of navigation, the quality of graphics, and the speed of the website or app. We explore each casino’s game library, testing slots, table games, and more. Casino is a non gamstop online casino regulated by the Curaçao government, offers a 10 ETH bonus for new users.